OCTOBER BIRTHSTONE-TOURMALINE
The English name Tourmaline is derived from the ancient Turga (Ceylon) word Turmani, meaning "mixed gems." The composition of the tourmaline is complex and the color is complex and varied. The international jewellery industry basically divides the commercial variety according to the color of the tourmaline. The more the color, the higher the value. Pay attention to color, transparency and purity when purchasing.
Jade introduction
Tourmaline, also known as the wish stone, has a weak energy and is a gemstone that tends to absorb. Because "Bixi" and "avoiding evil" are homophonic, they are often regarded as the main gem of Nafu exorcism.
name
The mineralogy name of tourmaline is tourmaline, the English name is Tourmaline, which is derived from the ancient Sinhalese word "Turmali", meaning "mixed gemstones". In some historical documents in China, it is called “Selenium”, “Bixi”, “Bixiaxi”, “Broken evil gold” and so on. The tourmaline crystal tourmaline is a complex tripartite columnar crystal, and the surface of the crystal appears to have parallel streaks along the extension direction of the columnar crystal. In the cross section, it is a spherical triangle with a curved surface.
origin
In 1500, a Portuguese exploration team discovered a gem in Brazil, which was full of colorful lights. Like a rainbow from the sky to the center of the earth, the ordinary stone bathed under the rainbow has acquired the various colors contained in the world along the way, and the crystal clear and polished. This gem, hidden in the foot of the rainbow, was later called the tourmaline and was also known as the "rainfall that fell into the world."
At the moment, tourmaline and ruby, sapphire, aquamarine, tanzanite, emerald, etc., the natural color of the gemstone is summarized into the category of colored gemstones, which is deeply loved by the public and has a huge market value-added space.
History development
The word "Bixi" in China first appeared in the Qing Dynasty. In the classical period of the Qing Dynasty, there were related records: "The name of Biya, China's nationality, and the self-existence of the Qing Dynasty.
In some historical works after the Qing Dynasty, the names of “Bixi”, “Bixiaxi” and “Yu Lingshi” have been found, and people in modern society call this strange gemstone a tourmaline. Loved by Empress Dowager Cixi, there are many tourmaline burial items in the Empress Dowager Cixi, many of which are precious varieties such as watermelon tourmaline. There are many types of tourmaline jewelry, such as tourmaline bracelet, tourmaline ring, tourmaline pendant and so on.
Among the hundreds of rare treasures in the Forbidden City Treasures Museum in Beijing, there is a huge pink tourmaline buckle called the best in the Qing Dynasty tourmaline. The buckle is made of pink and blue tourmaline on the silver wire. The tourmaline is transparent and volume. The large part has cotton crepe. The silver-tethered silk double-grain pattern is set on the back of the silver tray. There is a small bead on the silver tray, “Wan Shou has no boundaries” and “Life Yongchang”. There is a stamp of “Hongxing” and “Footprint” next to it. "Shou" and double "Fu", this tourmaline is 5.5cm long and 5.2cm wide. The tourmaline is transparent and pink is a treasure, which is more precious in the Qing Dynasty.
colour
The color of the tourmaline is the most abundant of all kinds of gems. Since tourmaline is a complex borosilicate mineral, the chemical formula is Na(Mg, Fe, Mn, Li, Al)3Al6[Si6O18][BO3]3(OH,F)4, among which iron, magnesium, lithium, manganese, Metal ions such as aluminum can be substituted for each other, and the difference in the content of each ion directly affects the color and type of tourmaline. Rich iron tourmaline is black and green; rich magnesium tourmaline shows yellow or brown; rich lithium, manganese, and bismuth show red, pink, red or blue; chrome tourmaline shows dark green. Among them, azure blue and fresh rose red tourmaline is the top grade.
In the same tourmaline crystal, due to the uneven distribution of the composition, it also tends to cause color changes, and there are two types of tourmaline, such as bicolor tourmaline, multicolor tourmaline or inner infrared green watermelon tourmaline.
Polychromatic
In addition to its colorful colors, tourmaline is also most attractive because of its pleochroism. When we hold the tourmaline to observe the light and observe it at different angles, the color tone and depth of the tourmaline will change with the angle of observation. This is because the tourmaline has a strong pleochroism, which also puts a mysterious color on the tourmaline. The piezoelectric effect and thermoelectric effect of tourmaline When the tourmaline is heated or applied with pressure, or rubbed with silk or wool, it will have an electrode effect at both ends of the columnar tourmaline, one end is positive and the other end is negative, which will cause the tourmaline Attracting some dust or small paper dust, the magical power is the piezoelectric effect and thermoelectric effect of the tourmaline, and the origin of the name "tourmaline".
There was an interesting story: Legend 1703, a warm summer, in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, there are several children playing with the stones brought back by the Dutch voyagers. Suddenly, a child found that the stones had sucked dust and grass clippings in the vicinity. The children were very surprised and asked their parents to see that the stone could attract or repel light objects such as dust and grass clippings. Since then, the Dutch called it "ash-washing stone" and was used to clean the soot in the pipe.
The inside of the tourmaline crystal is rich in vapor-liquid inclusions, and tends to be oriented to form a tubular inclusion. The dense tubular inclusions will cause cat-eye effects in the shape of a curved or beaded tourmaline—an obvious appearance on the surface of the tourmaline. The bright band, and the bright band changes with the observation angle.
Variety
By color
The composition of the tourmaline is complex and the color is complex and varied. The international jewellery industry basically divides the commercial variety according to the color of the tourmaline. The more the color, the higher the value.
Blue tourmaline (Indicolite): a general term for light blue to deep blue tourmaline. Blue tourmaline is now the most valuable color in the tourmaline because it is rare. Blue tourmaline is produced in the yellow clay of Russian Siberian weathered granite, also in Brazil, Madagascar and the United States.
Rubelite: A general term for pink to red tourmalines. Red is the best of the tourmaline with purple and rose red, and it is called the red tourmaline. In China, there is the name of “baby face”. However, the natural world produces more brown, maroon, and deep red, and the color tone changes a lot. At the same time, the proportion of tourmaline will vary with color; the proportion of deep red is greater than that of pink.
Brown tourmaline (Dravite): darker in color, rich in chemical element magnesium. Brown tourmalines are produced in Sri Lanka, the three countries of North America, Brazil and Australia. (The English name for brown tourmaline originates from the Dreve region of Austria.)
Green Tourmaline: Green and yellow tourmalines are the most common of all tourmaline color variants, so they are also less valuable than blue and red tourmalines. Green tourmalines are prolific in Brazil, Tanzania and Namibia, while yellow is distributed in Sri Lanka.
Multicolor tourmaline: Due to the development of the tourmaline ribbon, red, green dichroic or trichromatic ribbons often appear on a crystal. Commonly known as red and green gems, commonly known as Watermelon Tourmaline, are popular with collectors and consumers alike.
Optical effect
Tourmaline Cat's Eye: When the tourmaline contains a large number of parallel fibrous and tubular inclusions, the cat's eye effect is called a tourmaline cat eye when it is ground into a gemstone.
Color-changing tourmaline: a clear-cut tourmaline, but rare.
Place of origin
Foreign tourmaline origin
Brazil is the best quality of the world's tourmaline. The origin of the Brazilian tourmaline is mainly concentrated in Minneapolis. The variety of the tourmaline produced here has reached more than twenty kinds of colors, almost including all the tourmalines. colour. Brazil's red tourmaline and green tourmaline are the best-selling, Brazil's main mineral resources, and are produced in the rich pegmatite veins. Brazil's Paraiba State produces a green-blue-blue tone tourmaline that is expensive and scarce, and the market is extremely hot, as it was named Paraibaba Tourmaline by Paraiba State.
Russia's Siberian region, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar also have tourmalines, but the texture is not as good as Brazil's tourmaline.
Chinese tourmaline origin
Xinjiang Altay origin
China's tourmaline origins in the Altay region of Xinjiang, the Coco-to-Sea in Fuyun County. It is rich in gem-quality tourmalines. The color of the tourmaline in Xinjiang is bright, red, green, blue, and multi-color tourmaline are produced. The crystals are larger and the quality is better.
Yunnan tourmaline origin
The tourmaline produced in Yunnan is mainly distributed in Fugong, Yuanyang, Gongshan, Baoshan and other places, most of which are transparent to translucent. Among them, pink, rose red, pink tourmaline is mainly produced in Fugong and Yuanyang; green tourmaline, green, green, dark green, yellow green, blue green, grass green, light green and other colors of tourmaline, good texture It is mainly produced in Gongshan, Fugong, Baoshan and other places; blue tourmaline is blue, green and blue, sea blue and other colors of tourmaline, mainly produced in Gongshan, Baoshan and other places; Yunnan Fugong and other places also have multicolor tourmaline production, However, the general crystal has more cracks and less transparency. The tourmalines produced in Inner Mongolia are mainly distributed in the places such as Ligete, the flag of Wulate, and the crystals are larger and the transparency is rare.
The deposit is located in Latudu Village, Lekedi Township, Fugong County. The county is about 20 kilometers south and the east side of the road is 500 meters.
Material properties
The chemical composition is: (Na, K, Ca) (Al, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn) 3 (Al, Cr, Fe, V) 6 (BO3) 3 (Si6O18) (OH, F) 4.
Photographic characteristics: heterogeneous, monoaxial, negative.
Polychromism: medium to strong, different shades of body color.
Ultraviolet fluorescence: generally no; pink, red tourmaline: weak red to purple under long and short waves.
Absorption spectrum: red, pink tourmaline: wide absorption band in the green region, sometimes visible 525nm narrow band, 451nm, 458nm absorption line.
Blue, green tourmaline: the red zone is generally absorbed, 498nm strong absorption zone.
Enlarged inspection: gas-liquid inclusions, irregular tubular inclusions, parallel linear inclusions.
The chemical formula of tourmaline is: XY3Z6[Si6018](BO3)3(OH)4. Wherein the position of X is mainly occupied by Na, Ca, and K; the position of Y is mainly occupied by Mg, Fe, A1, and Li; the position of Z is mainly occupied by A1; due to the replacement of X, Y, and Z positions and the formation environment, A large number of tourmaline species have been formed. When Y is mainly Mg, it is called tourmaline. When it is mainly Fe, it is called tourmaline or black tourmaline. If Mn enters this position, it is called sodium manganese tourmaline. When tourmaline is mainly Li+Al, it is called lithium tourmaline. In lithium tourmaline, part of OH is often replaced by F.
Optimization processing
When natural tourmaline gemstones are of poor quality or are not good, manual methods are often used to improve their quality. The commonly used methods are as follows:
Heat treatment
The darker-colored tourmaline is heat treated to make it lighter, which enhances transparency and improves gem grade.
Irradiation treatment
For colorless or light-colored, multi-colored tourmalines are irradiated with high-energy rays, and the irradiation time, radiation dose, etc. will make them appear different colors. Electron bombardment can also turn a colorless or pink tourmaline into a better red color, but it can cause a lot of cracks.
Filling treatment
Fill the surface voids with materials such as resin to improve the appearance and durability. The surface gloss difference can be seen under the 10x magnifying glass, and the bubbles are occasionally seen in the cracks and voids. The “flash effect” can be seen along the crack, and the absorption spectrum of organic matter can be seen in the infrared spectrum.
Coated tourmaline
The colorless or nearly colorless tourmaline can be displayed in various other colors after being coated. The color is bright and the gloss is greatly enhanced. Only one refractive index may be displayed on the refractometer, and the refractive index varies widely, possibly exceeding 1.70.
Identification and differentiation
Crystal and tourmaline: mainly observe their color, generally purple is rare in the crystal, the purple of the tourmaline is generally shallow, pink purple and light purple. In contrast, crystals are not red and green like the tourmaline (except for the hair crystal), so you can use the difference in color between the two to roughly identify the true and false.
Glass and tourmaline: From the perspective of internal inclusions, there are often small round bubbles in the glass, which is not the case with tourmaline inclusions. There is also a way to pretend to be a tourmaline in glass. That is to use a burst of glass to pretend to be a relatively coarse tourmaline. This type of glass is usually dyed after bursting.
Therefore, the color dyes are concentrated in the cracks, and the light transmission observation is easy to distinguish.
1, color: rose red, purple, green and pure blue and pretty color watermelon is the best, pink and yellow second, colorless, black most. In the same color, according to the degree of color intensity, it is divided into 4, etc., which are rich, medium, light, and dark.
2, Clarity: requires less internal sputum, crystal clear tourmaline price is the highest, tourmaline containing many cracks and gas-liquid inclusions are usually used as jade carving materials. Internationally, the purity of tourmaline is divided into 6 levels, which are small noise (VVF), slightly noisy (VF), obvious noise (VL), slightly cotton (VS), obvious batt (S), turbidity (C).
3. Transparency: Transparency refers to the transparency of tourmaline. The more transparent the glass is, the higher the value is. The international classification is 4; the readable word (SF), the identifiable (SS), and the transparent ( SL), opaque (NL).
4, work / cut: work, the inspection of the tourmaline carvings, beads chain, the appearance of polishing technology. Compared with the tourmaline ring face, the main cuts are the cuts on the surface. The cut should be regular, the ratio is symmetrical, and the polishing is good.
5. Rarity: Rareness refers to a composite index that comprehensively considers the four basic attributes of color, weight, transparency and volume of tourmaline. This indicator directly affects the market value of a tourmaline.
efficacy
1. Bright and colorful rainbow colors can give people a happy and happy feeling, which helps to develop their minds and horizons, and has certain complementary therapeutic effects on mental illness such as cure and death.
2. The energy contained in the tourmaline has a calming effect and can concentrate people. And the changing colors can inspire ideas and ideas, so that people can act steadily and do their best to make their careers flourish.
3. Tourmaline is considered to be the top of the Wangfu stone, this method is derived from the Guangdong civilization. In Guangdong, a woman with a good face is considered to be Wangfu. As the saying goes, "The heart is born," the tourmaline will make people's mood better, so the people who wear it will become sleek, very beautiful, and have a prosperous phase.
4. Tourmaline can emit a magnetic field with great affinity, which can eliminate the separation between people and has a natural attraction for love and friendship. At the same time, people with a leader's temperament wearing a tourmaline can release more charm and attract more people to come together.
5. In addition to the above effects, the red and green tourmaline also has the meaning of accumulating wealth. In the meantime, red color tourmaline is close to color because of its color. Therefore, it is believed that red tourmaline also has a health-care effect of promoting blood circulation, and has a good effect on treating dizziness and anemia.
maintenance
The first trick is to place the tourmaline jewelry separately in the jewelry box when you don't wear the tourmaline jewelry. Do not let the tourmaline jewelry and other jewelry rubbing and colliding with each other, causing unnecessary losses.
The third measure, regular inspection and maintenance of their own jewellery is a good habit. Every month, go to a professional jewelry store to check your own tourmaline jewelry. If you find that the gem is falling off, scratches and other phenomena are solved in time.
The fourth measure, if the friends' tourmaline jewelry is in the form of borderless inlay and micro-inlay, avoid the impact in the process of wearing tourmaline jewelry, because the inlaid style of tourmaline jewelry is beautiful, but not very firm, be careful.
The fifth measure, do not wash with high temperature water for a long time, if it is too hot, the tourmaline will change color.
effect
Red tourmaline
Red tourmaline is widely distributed in color, mostly between pink and pink. Give the opposite sex, can express love and occupy the other's atrium. Wearing it can meet beautiful love and ideal partner, making the relationship between husband and wife more dense.
The red tourmaline is soft in red, and the energy is stable. Women wear beauty and beauty. It strengthens the temperament of the person and exudes personal charm, which is very suitable for people who often deal with the public. Can bring more people to people, get more people's support. Red tourmaline also has the effect of improving the relationship between people. It can eliminate the indifference, loneliness and quirks in people's minds, make people easy to get along with, change other people's prejudice against themselves, and thus improve their interpersonal relationships.
Green tourmaline
Green light corresponds to the heart wheel, which makes people happy and happy. Green light is the light of wealth, making people happy, and making money, and is also called "stone of wealth." Green light is easy to help to make good friends, good relationships, good luck, and easy to get the appreciation of the boss and the help of the nobles .
Wearing green tourmaline can help eliminate the troubles, depression and unhappiness in your heart, and bring you a feeling of true happiness and joy. It is especially effective for those who have depression, autism or easy self-denial. For those who are weak, unwilling, and unwilling to do things, they are helpful to discover the joy of work, and are willing to invest and go all out to get self-fulfilling satisfaction.
Blue tourmaline
Blue tourmaline, corresponding to the throat and the third eye, the main communication and sensitivity. Can effectively enhance communication, expression and persuasion.
For those who are overly generous, generous, generous, and enthusiastic, they will be disadvantaged by being easily used by others, and wearing blue tourmalines can balance this personality.
Black tourmaline
The black tourmaline looks dark and deep. It can effectively eliminate stress, fatigue, and turbidity, improve health and improve luck.
For those who are sleepy and sleepy at night, they are placed in a black tourmaline, which has the function of stabilizing the space energy field and can ward off evil spirits. The patient's wearing black tourmaline helps protect the patient from outside interference, concentrates on illness, and enhances recovery.
Watermelon tourmaline
Watermelon tourmaline helps to eliminate all conflicts, contradictions and complex complexes in the heart, so that people can have a happy, happy mood.
Tourmaline purchase
The main points are as follows:
1) Color. Tourmaline is more expensive in red and blue, and yellow and green are more common. In the choice of inlaid tourmaline jewelry, red, blue, green is better, the color is required to be even and beautiful; in the necklace and bracelet, the color is better, the color of each bead can be different, with red, yellow, blue, Green, purple and other colors;
2) Transparency. Tourmaline requires crystal clear, the more transparent the better the quality, do not have obvious fog or opacity;
3) The degree of purity. The nature of the tourmaline is brittle and prone to cracks. At the same time, the interior contains a large number of inclusions. The presence of a large number of cracks and inclusions will affect the transparency, color and fire of the tourmaline. The inner pure tourmaline is also rare and belongs to the top grade. When picking, try to pick the inside clean.
4) Pay attention to the choice of tourmaline with special properties. The color of tourmaline is richer, and more valuable is that there are two or more colors appearing on the same tourmaline, that is, two-color tourmaline or multi-color tourmaline, and the inner-infrared green watermelon tourmaline is also more precious; in addition, tourmaline cat eye belongs to tourmaline The top grade. With rich and varied colors, as well as strange piezoelectric effects and thermoelectric effects, people believe that tourmaline has the magical power of nature. Long-term wear will not only make people's lives colorful, but also bring good to people. Transport, pray for peace and happiness, and bless your health. Therefore, today's tourmaline bracelets, necklaces, pendants, rings, brooches, earrings, etc. came into being, and continue to innovate, the world of jewellery that used to be dominated by white gold and platinum jewelry to be colorful and colorful.