BARITE
The barite deposits produced in Hunan, Guangxi, Qinghai and Jiangxi in China are mostly large hydrothermal single mineral veins. Barite can also be produced in sedimentary rocks and appears as tuberculosis. It is mostly found in argillaceous and sandy sedimentary rocks in sedimentary manganese deposits and shallow seas. In the residual clay cover of the weathered residual deposit, it is often knotted and massive.
Structural properties
Barite is a non-metallic mineral product with barium sulfate (BaSO4) as its main component (chemical composition: BaO: 65.7%, SO3: 34.3%. The composition has the same image of Sr, Pb and Ca), pure recrystal The stone is white and shiny. It is often gray, light red, light yellow, etc. due to the influence of impurities and mixed substances.
The barite which is quite well crystallized can also appear as transparent crystal. Barite is a sulfate mineral. The composition is BaSO4. The most widely distributed strontium-containing mineral in nature.钡 can be replaced by a complete analogy of the same type, forming lapis lazuli; replaced by lead, forming the Beitou stone (named after the birth of Beitou Hot Spring in Taiwan).
Barite is chemically stable, insoluble in water and hydrochloric acid, non-magnetic and toxic. The chemical composition of barite is BaSO4, and the crystal belongs to the orthorhombic (orthorhombic) crystal system of sulfate minerals. It is often thick plate or columnar crystal, mostly dense block or plate-like, granular aggregate. It is colorless and transparent when it is pure. It is dyed into various colors when it contains impurities.
The streaks are white, the glass is shiny, and the transparency is translucent. The three sets of cleavage are complete and the angle is equal to or close to 90°. The Mohs hardness is 3 to 3.5, and the specific gravity is 4.0 to 4.6. Identification features: plate crystal, hardness, complete cleavage near the right angle, high density, no condensation in the case of hydrochloric acid, and distinguished from similar calcite. The barite is a non-metallic mineral product containing barium sulfate (BaSO4) as the main component.
The pure barite is white and shiny. It is often gray, light red, light yellow, etc. due to the influence of impurities and impurities. Quite good barite can also appear as a transparent crystal. Barite is a mixture.
The crystals of the barite have a large tubular shape, and the crystals are gathered together to form a rose-shaped or bifurcated ingot, which is called a crown-like barite. Pure barite is colorless and transparent, generally white, light yellow, with a glass luster.
Moreover, barite can be used as a white pigment (commonly known as lithopone), and can also be used in chemical, paper, textile fillers, which can act as a flux and increase the brightness of the glass in glass production. But the most important thing is to use it as a weighting agent in the drilling industry and to refine it.
develop and use
Barite is a very important non-metallic mineral raw material with a wide range of industrial uses.
1. Drilling mud weighting agent: When drilling some oil wells and gas wells, the drilling mud and clay generally used have a specific gravity of about 2.5, and the specific gravity of water is 1. Therefore, the mud weight is low, and sometimes the mud weight cannot be balanced with the underground oil and gas pressure. Caused a blowout accident. In the case of high underground pressure, it is necessary to increase the specific gravity of the mud. Adding barite powder to the mud is an effective measure to increase the specific gravity of the mud. The barite used for drilling mud should have a fineness of more than 325 mesh. If the barite is not fine enough, it will precipitate easily. The barite for drilling mud requires a specific gravity of more than 4.2, the BaSO4 content is not less than 95%, and the soluble salt is less than 1%.
2. Zinc antimony pigment: Zinc antimony is a commonly used high quality white pigment that can be used as a raw material for paints and paints. The mixture of barium sulfate and barium sulfide (BaS) can be reduced by using a reducing agent, and then a mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide obtained by reacting with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) (70% of BaSO4 and 30% of ZnS) is zinc barium. White pigment. The preparation of zinc-white barite requires a BaSO4 content of greater than 95% and should not contain visible colored debris.
3. Various antimony compounds: using barite as raw material, it can produce chemical raw materials such as antimony oxide, barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium nitrate, precipitated barium sulfate and barium hydroxide.
Chemically pure barium sulfate is the standard for measuring whiteness; barium carbonate is an important raw material for optical glass, which introduces BaO into glass, thereby increasing the refractive index of glass and improving other optical properties; Barium chloride is an agricultural pesticide; barium nitrate is used in the fireworks and glass industries; barium permanganate is a green pigment.
4. Filler for industrial use: In the paint industry, barite powder fillers can increase film thickness, strength and durability. Zinc bismuth white pigments are also used in the manufacture of white paints, which have more advantages than lead white and magnesium white. Barite used in the paint industry requires sufficient fineness and high whiteness.
The paper industry, rubber and plastics industries also use barite as a filler, which increases the hardness, wear resistance and aging resistance of rubber and plastics.
Barite fillers for rubber and papermaking generally require BaSO4 to be greater than 98% and CaO to be less than 0.36%. Magnesium oxide, lead and other components are not allowed.
5. Mineralizer for cement industry: The use of barite and fluorite composite mineralizer in cement production has obvious effects on promoting C3S formation and activating C3S. The clinker quality has been improved, and the early strength of cement is about Increasing 20 to 25%, the late strength is increased by about 10%, and the clinker firing temperature is lowered from 1450 ° C to 1300 ± 50 ° C. When the amount of barite is 0.8 to 1.5%, the effect is the best. In the production of white cement, after the barite and fluorite composite mineralizer, the firing temperature is lowered from 1500 °C to 1400 °C, the free CaO content is low, and the strength and whiteness are improved. Adding an appropriate amount of barite to the cement raw meal using coal gangue as raw material can greatly improve the cement strength of the clinker saturation ratio, especially the early strength, which is the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue for production. Low calcium, energy saving, early strength and high strength cement provide a beneficial way.
6. Anti-radiation cement, mortar and concrete: using barite to absorb X-rays, using barite as bismuth cement, barite mortar and barite concrete, instead of metal lead plate shielded nuclear reactor and construction research, Hospital anti-X-ray buildings.
Tantalum cement is made of barite and clay as the main raw material. After sintering, the clinker composed of dimuth silicate as the main mineral is added, and then an appropriate amount of gypsum is added to grind together. The specific gravity is higher than that of ordinary Portland cement, which can reach 4.7-5.2. The strength number is 325-425. Due to the large specific gravity of the concrete, it can be combined with heavy aggregates (such as barite) to form a uniform and dense anti-X-ray concrete.
Barite mortar is a kind of mortar with large bulk density and barrier effect on X-rays. It is generally required to use Portland cement with low hydration heat. Commonly used cement: barite powder: barite sand: coarse sand The ratio is 1:0.25:2.5:1. Barite concrete is a kind of concrete with large bulk density and shielding ability for X-rays. The cementitious materials generally use Portland cement with low hydration heat or special cement such as high alumina cement, strontium cement and strontium cement. Portland cement is the most widely used. The conventional cement:barite crushed barite:water mixture ratio is 1:4.54:3.4:0.5; 1:5.44:4.46:0.6; 1:5:3.8:0.2.
For anti-radiation mortar and concrete barite, the content of BaSO4 should not be less than 80%, and the impurities such as gypsum, pyrite, sulfide and sulfate should not exceed 7%.
7. Road construction: Rubber and asphalt mixtures containing about 10% barite have been successfully used in parking lots and are a durable paving material. At present, the tires of heavy road construction equipment have been partially filled with barite to increase the weight and facilitate the compaction of the filling area.
8. Other: barite and oil are blended and applied to the cloth base to make tarpaulin; barite powder is used to refine kerosene; in the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used as a digestive tract contrast agent; it can also be used for pesticides, leather making, fireworks, etc. In addition, barite is also used as an extraction metal crucible for use as a getter and binder for televisions and other vacuum tubes. It is alloyed with other metals (aluminum, magnesium, lead, calcium) for bearing manufacturing.
Purification technology
With the depletion of high-quality, single-type barite ore, most of the barite ore in China is currently low in quality, closely associated with other metal ore and non-metal ore, directly affecting its industrial use value. The barite weighting agent used for drilling mud generally requires a fineness of -0.056mm or more, a density of >4.2g/cm3, a grade of >95%, a soluble salt content of 98%, a CaO content of <0.36%, and no magnesium oxide. , lead and other harmful ingredients. Barite for different purposes has different requirements for the purity, whiteness and impurity content of barite.
1.1 Physical purification
The physical purification methods of barite mainly include: hand selection, reselection, and magnetic separation. The main basis for hand selection is the difference in color and density of barite and associated ore. After the ore is coarsely crushed, the barite mineral and the gangue mineral can be effectively dissociated, and the block-shaped barite can be selected by hand. For example, the Pancun Mine in Xiangzhou, Guangxi, can obtain rich ore with a particle size of 30-150 mm and a BaSO4 content of >92% by hand selection. The hand selection method is simple and convenient, has low dependence on equipment, and low cost, but has high requirements on ore and low production efficiency, and is extremely wasteful of resources. Re-election is based on the difference in density between barite and associated minerals. The ore is crushed and ground to a certain size to enter the re-election equipment for sorting to remove the gangue. The content of barium sulphate after re-election of Hunan Hengnan barite mine is over 92%. After re-election of hand-selected tailings, re-election concentrate with barium sulfate content of 84.50% can be obtained. Magnetic separation is the method of selecting the magnetic force by using the difference in magnetic properties between different ores. Magnetic separation is mainly used to remove some minerals with magnetic iron oxides such as siderite, usually combined with re-election to reduce the iron content in the barite concentrate.
1.2 Chemical purification
1.2.1 Purification by flotation
With the continuous development and utilization of high-grade and easy-to-select barite ore, it is urgent to increase the research and development of low-grade barite ore. Barite is often closely associated with minerals such as fluorite, calcite, and quartz. The grade is low, the size of the inlay is fine, and the composition is complex. It is difficult to separate it effectively by the traditional re-election process. Flotation can be adapted to barite of various complex inlay types, thus becoming the main method for the selection of barite at this stage. The collector is the key to determine whether the barite mineral can be effectively separated.
The commonly used collectors can be divided into three types according to the adsorption form:
1 anion collector mainly based on chemisorption;
2 a cation mainly based on physical adsorption. Collector;
3 amphiphilic collector between the two. According to the separation process of barite and fluorite, it can be divided into two types: one is to inhibit the barite flotation fluorite; the other is to inhibit the fluorite flotation barite.
1.2.2 Calcination and purification
The mineral calcination process is characterized by thermal dissociation into a simpler composition of minerals or minerals undergoing crystal transformation, from one solid phase pyrolysis to another physical phase of solid phase and gas phase. Since the barite mineral is mixed with Fe2O3, TiO2, organic matter and other impurities during the bed formation process, these impurities may cause the barite to become gray, green and blue, thereby affecting the purity and whiteness of the barite, and seriously reducing the weight.
The use value of spar. Calcination can volatilize organic matter, and calcination and impurity removal are mainly suitable for removing impurities capable of endothermic decomposition or volatilization at high temperatures.
1.2.3 Leaching purification
Leaching purification is mainly used to remove carbon and colored impurities in barite. Their presence affects the whiteness and application prospects of barite concentrates. The main methods for removing these impurities are: acid leaching, oxidation-reduction, and organic acid complexing.
The acid leaching method utilizes an acid to react with an impurity metal or a metal oxide in a mineral to form a compound soluble in water or a dilute acid. After washing and filtering, the soluble matter is removed, and the purification can be achieved. After Lei Shaoming et al. leached a certain barite mine in Hubei through concentrated sulfuric acid, the whiteness of barite powder can be increased from 84.10% to 88.60%.
The oxidation-reduction method firstly adds an oxidizing agent to dissolve the metal compound accompanying the mineral, and oxidizes the coloring organic matter in the barite, and then reduces the Fe to Fe by adding a reducing agent to dissolve it, thereby achieving impurity removal and whitening, and improving the mineral content. the goal of. Organic acid complexing method is to add organic acids such as EDTA, ascorbic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, etc. during the iron removal process. These acids can dissolve iron oxides and form complexes to achieve a good iron removal effect.
After the basic purification, the barite can meet the requirements of producing primary strontium salt, but some fine and specialized products are still unable to be produced, and it is also dependent on imports. Further exploration of the development of barite is needed.
The main purpose
Barite is a non-renewable resource and is one of China's export-oriented mineral products. It is widely used as a weighting agent for oil and natural gas drilling mud, and its consumption in the fields of antimony chemicals and fillers is also increasing year by year. China's barite resources are quite abundant, distributed in 21 provinces (regions) across the country, with a total reserve of 360 million tons of ore, ranking first in the world. It is medically useful for contrast agents in the digestive system.
Oil drilling Drilling oil and gas wells Rotary drilling in the circulating mud weighting agent to cool the drill bit, take away the chipped debris, lubricate the drill pipe, close the hole wall, control the oil and gas pressure, prevent the oil well from spraying, chemical production of barium carbonate, barium chloride, Various antimony compounds such as barium sulfate, zinc barium white, barium hydroxide, barium oxide, etc.
These barium compounds are widely used in reagents, catalysts, sugar refining, textile, fire protection, various fireworks, synthetic rubber coagulants, plastics, insecticides. Surface quenching of chemicals and steel, phosphors, fluorescent lamps, fluxes, grease additives, etc. Glass deoxidizers, clarifiers, fluxes increase the optical stability, gloss and strength of glass, rubber, plastics, paint fillers, brighteners, weighting agents, building concrete aggregates, paving materials, heavy pipelines buried in swamp areas, instead Lead plates are used for shielding of nuclear facilities, atomic energy plants, X-ray laboratories, etc., to extend the life of the pavement.
Supply and demand situation
The annual supply of barite in China is 2.5 to 3 million tons, all of which come from domestic production. The annual consumption of domestic barite is about 1.2 to 1.3 million tons, of which 700,000 to 800,000 tons for oil and gas exploration, accounting for 60% of total consumption; for chemical products 40 to 500,000 tons, accounting for 30% Other projects use more than 10 million tons, accounting for about 10%.
China is the world's largest exporter of barite. In the 1990s, the annual export volume of barite and its products was generally 1.5 to 2 million tons. In 1996, the export volume of barite and barium salt was 2.058 million tons, and the export value was 121 million US dollars, including 1.86 million tons of barite and 198,000 tons of antimony chemical products. The main exporting countries were the United States, the Netherlands, Japan and South Korea. The amount of barite imported from China is very small, and only a small amount of antimony chemical products are imported.
China's barite demand is basically stable and growth is slow. The production of barite is steady and rising, which can fully guarantee the demand. The export volume is adjusted according to supply and demand. Overall, the supply and demand of barite is basically balanced.
Mineral information
Time and space distribution
China's barite deposits have been produced in various geological times, mainly in the Cambrian, Devonian, Ordovician and Mesozoic strata. Layered barite deposits are mainly concentrated in the Cambrian, followed by the Devonian. The vein deposits are prolific in the Ordovician, Devonian and Triassic. The layered barite deposit is mainly produced in the tectonic active fold belt (zone) and the deep water basin in the platform area. The veined barite deposit is mainly produced in the carbonate platform of the carbonate platform in the relatively stable geological structure.
The total scale of the Lower Cambrian layered deposits in the Chinese barite deposit is very large. The spatial relationship between the layered deposit and the active large fault of the same sediment is also obvious, indicating that the deposit is closely related to the structure. The veined barite ore is filled in medium and small faults and fissures and is obviously controlled by structure.
The sedimentary basins forming barite have a close relationship with mineralization. The latter type is a deeper reductive still water basin with fine sediment particles, low carbonate content and high organic matter content, forming a layered deposit. The other basin is a shallow, oxidized, turbulent basin dominated by clastic rocks and shallow water carbonate deposits. This type of basin forms a mineralized layer with high radon in the sedimentary period, but it can only be integrated into vein deposits under the later geological transformation.
The ore-bearing rock series of barite deposits also have their own characteristics. The ore-bearing rocks of layered deposits are clastic rocks and siliceous rocks with organic matter, and have an ocular structure; the surrounding rocks of veined barite deposits are often The meteorite-bearing carbonate rock and the clastic rock in the early stage of deposition generally have obvious silicification alteration. Both layered and veined barite are closely related to SiO2.
The mineral composition of the barite deposit is fairly uniform and the chemical composition is simple and stable. The mineral combination of layered barite deposits is mainly barite, quartz and clay minerals. The main minerals in the mineral combination of veined barite deposits are barite, quartz and carbonate.
Deposit type
China barite deposits are divided into four types of deposits: layered, layered, vein-shaped, modified veins and stacked. The layered barite deposit is controlled by the stratum and facies. Most of the veined barite deposits are mostly related to the strata in a certain period. In some areas, both layered barite deposits and veined barite deposits are produced in strata of the same era.
China's barite is rich in resources. It is distributed in 26 provinces and municipalities across the country, mainly in the south. Guizhou Province accounts for one-third of the country's total reserves. Hunan and Guangxi rank second and third respectively in China. The stone not only has a large reserve, but also has a high grade, BaSO4>92.8%. The rich ore reserves accounted for 99.4% of the country's total rich ore, and the large and medium-sized mines accounted for 88.4% of the national total. By the end of 1995, China had proven reserves of 460 million tons of barite.
(i) Layered barite deposits
The layered barite deposit is produced in a certain geological age. It is strictly controlled by stratum and lithology. The ore body is layered, layered and lenticularly integrated in the sedimentary strata. The ore has obvious sedimentary structure and structure.
China's major large and extra-large layered barite deposits are mainly concentrated in the Cambrian, followed by the Devonian, and concentrated in the Qinling and South China. The sedimentary basin of the layered barite deposit may be a Qinling fold belt with strong crustal activity and a southeast coastal fold belt with strong activity. It may also be a relatively stable platform depression on both sides of the Jiangnan ancient land, but both are deep water. The semi-deep water stagnant hydrostatic reducing basin has high organic matter content.
The ore-bearing strata of layered barite is mainly composed of fine clastic rocks, with an ocular structure, a massive barite in the core, stripe-like and strip-shaped barite on both sides, and siliceous rocks on the outside. The outermost layer is fine clastic rock.
The layered barite deposit is closely related to the deep fault zone. For example, the Gongxi mining area in Xinxiang, Hunan is located near the active large fault that controls the sudden change of the lithofacies. Some mines have obvious volcanic eruptions and submerged volcanic veins.
The ore minerals of the layered barite deposits are mostly single barite. The types and contents of trace elements in barite rock and its closely related siliceous rocks are rare, while the fine clastic rocks are rich in trace elements and have fixed element combinations such as P, V, Mo and U. The barite and its surrounding rock have high organic matter content, which is mainly formed by lower plankton, which indicates that the sedimentary environment is a deep, stagnant still water-reducing basin.
(ii) Layered-veined barite deposits
Such barite deposits refer to both layered barite deposits and veined barite deposits in the same age strata within the mining area. Both deposits have industrial significance and have close genetic and spatial relationships. Different manifestations of the same mineralization process in different environments. Such as Guangxi Laibin and Guangxi Xiangzhou barite ore field (bed).
Among the orefields consisting of several deposits within a mining area or the same sedimentary basin, there are layered barite or vein barite ore in the same geological age. In space, the layered ore layer is located above, the veined ore layer is below, and the range of the vein-like ore distribution is substantially no more than the layer of the layered ore. The layered ore has a close genetic relationship with the mineral composition, ore structure and structure of the vein mineral, and shows the trend of system evolution. The stratified ore and vein minerals have the same physicochemical and physicochemical conditions, and have a regular relationship with the geological environment. In short, layered ore and vein minerals are different manifestations of uniform mineralization.
(3) Reformed veined barite deposit
The modified veined barite deposit refers to an irregularly shaped deposit formed by barite and symbiotic minerals along various structural fissures and non-structural fissures such as fracture zones, faults and bedding planes by filling and metasomatism.
China's modified vein-like barite deposits are produced in various geological times, and there are various types of ore-bearing surrounding rocks, which are important for depositing veined barite deposits in carbonate rocks and clastic rocks. The modified veined barite deposits are often distributed in groups, with numerous veins and limited single veins. Because it is easy to find and identify, easy to pick and choose, it is convenient for rural collective mining. It is still the main mining object in China, and the output is very considerable, but the degree of geological research is relatively low.
From China, the Neoproterozoic to the Triassic, carbonate rocks are developed, forming large-scale distribution of thick carbonate rocks. Many provinces (regions) have heavy crystals produced in carbonate rocks. Stone deposits, among which the most important ones are the Ordovician in Henan, the Cambrian-Ordovician in the southeastern Sichuan, the Ordovician in the southeastern Sichuan, the Devonian-Carboniferous in Guangdong, the Triassic in the Triassic in Sichuan and Guizhou. Mineral deposit.
(iv) Deposited barite deposits and barite deposits associated with other ore
Deposited barite deposits are those barite deposits produced in unconsolidated loose deposits. Many barite deposits in China, especially carbonates and clastic rocks, are deposits of ore-bearing surrounding rocks, and there are many deposit-type barite deposits in the loose sediments nearby. This deposit is formed by the original bedrock deposit in the original place or by short-distance transportation. Representative deposits such as Gulangling, Huoerling and Shangshan in Xiangzhousi Village, Guangxi.
Barite is often associated with many metal and non-metallic deposits. Some barites are relatively enriched and may even constitute separate ore bodies. In general, these barite minerals or circles that are dispersed in the main ore ore are present. The barite ore body does not have a separate mining value, but it can be comprehensively recycled when the main mine is mined. Representative deposits such as the associated barite ore of the Jingtieshan iron deposit in Gansu.
Main producing area
1 Guangxi
Guangxi is China's largest barite production base. Barite production is widely distributed in more than 20 counties such as Xiangzhou, Wuxuan, Sanjiang, Yongfu, Fusui and Luzhai. The annual output of barite ore in the autonomous region is over 1 million tons. The output of Xiangzhou County is the highest, reaching 450,000 tons, Yongfu is second, the output is 140,000 tons, and the output of Fusui Sitong barite is 36,000 tons. Guangxi Heavy Grain The stone mine has high output and good quality. It enjoys a high reputation in the domestic and foreign markets, and its export and internal sales rank first in the country. The deposit is a vein-like barite deposit. The hydrogeological conditions of the mine are simple. The surrounding rock of the ore body is silicified argillaceous siltstone. The boundary is clear, the surrounding rock is stable, and the mining conditions are simple.
2 Guizhou
Guizhou barite mine is rich in resources, accounting for 60% of the national barite reserves, and is the second largest production base of barite in China. It is mainly distributed in Tianzhu, Majiang, Huangping, Kaili and Shibing. Among them, the Dahebian barite deposit in Tianzhu County is a very large deposit, and the proven D-class reserves are 10,881,400 tons. Ming D-class reserves of 16 million tons, Huang Ping, Kaili, Shi Bing 3 counties and cities to find D-class reserves of about 10 million tons. The quality of Guizhou barite ore is good, and the rich ore with BaS content above 85% accounts for 70%, and its grade fully meets the requirements of industrial production. The reserves of barite in Guizhou are the first in the country, but the current mining volume and export are not as good as in Guangxi. At present, there are more than 80 barite mines in the province. For normal mining, the annual ore volume can reach more than 10 million tons. There are many mining ore mining, and there are few deep processing enterprises, currently only 1 million tons.
3 Hunan
The barite mines in Hunan Province are mainly distributed in Hengnan, Xinhuang and Liuyang. The province's barite mining industry is extremely developed. The annual output of barite in Huaihua, Hunan Province is 800,000 tons. Among them, the heavy barite reserves in Hunan Xinhuang Dong Autonomous County are 280 million tons, which is a national large-scale high-quality deposit. The Hunan Hengnan Tanzishan barite deposit occurred in the Upper Cretaceous red continental deposit, and the deposit size is large. The single ore body is 100-700 m long, 30-135 m wide and 5-65 m thick. The ore-bearing spar has a ore-bearing rate of 7.75% to 20.43%. The ore grade is generally about 85%. The mine is mainly based on slopes and is selected by re-election and hand-selection.
4 Hubei
Hubei Province is rich in barite mineral resources, widely distributed in Suizhou Songzi, Zhicheng, Wufengshan and other regions. Liuzhou, Suizhou, Hubei is a large-scale barite deposit. The mining area includes Tianjiachong-Xiejiadian, Liuhewan and Jinqiaoling.
5 Shaanxi
The barite deposits in Shaanxi Province are mainly concentrated in the Ankang area, with Hubei Province in the east, Sichuan Province, Yuba Mountain and Linhan Water in the south, and the ancient Qinling geosyncline is rich in barite and pyrite. Non-metallic mineral resources. There are large barite deposits in the territory. The ore belt is located in the Guqinling geosyncline fold belt. The Proterozoic Sinian volcanic debris tuff constitutes the basement structure of the mine. The Cambrian-Ordovician carbonaceous siliceous rock constitutes the upper tectonic layer, during which the angle is Unconformity contact, the barite ore body is controlled by the stratification and paleogeographic environment, and is mainly deposited in the lower lithologic section of the Cambrian-Ordovician in the shallow sea margin of the weak alkaline oxidizing medium, which is a single barite ore body. . The proven barite reserves are 24 million tons. The main component of the ore body is barite, followed by quartz, and a small amount of dusty carbon. The ore structure is mainly compact, dense and blocky. Structure, the ore industry type is barite type. The grade of barium sulfate is 90%-98%, the average grade is 94%, the highest is 99.33%, the density is above 4.2g/cm3, the maximum is 4.5, with large reserves, high grade, easy The advantage of mining is a reliable base for barite export and processing of barite powder.
6 Fujian
The proven barite reserves are mainly concentrated in the Lifang mining area in Yong'an City, Fujian Province. The deposit is a sedimentary deposit. The area includes four ore sections with an annual production capacity of 400,000 tons and an annual export of 200,000 tons.
Geological Prospecting
Mineral exploration work The geological exploration work of barite ore is divided into three stages: census, detailed investigation and exploration.
The census stage: the purpose and task is to conduct a census of discovered mines and geological, geophysical and geochemical anomalies, and to find out whether there is any value for further work, submit a census report, and generally seek D+E-level reserves for detailed investigation. Stage work provides the basis.
Detailed investigation stage: The purpose and task are to make an evaluation of the industrial value of the deposits confirmed by the census stage work, and submit a detailed investigation report, generally seeking C+D reserves, of which C-level reserves are generally non- The metal ore is 20% to 50%, which provides the basis for whether or not to carry out the exploration stage work, and can provide the general plan for the mine and the proposal for the mine project.
Exploration stage: The purpose and task are to explore the mineral deposits confirmed by the detailed investigation stage and to be explored and utilized in the near future. According to the relevant regulations formulated by the National Mineral Reserves Committee, explore the reserves at all levels and submit the exploration report as feasible for mine construction. The basis for sexual research and design. The general requirements are:
1) Detailed exploration of geology and structure in the exploration area
2) The shape, occurrence and spatial position of the ore body (layer), the grade and structure of the ore, the type of industrial type, the type of grade and its proportion, etc., to achieve the corresponding reserves level and mine construction design. Claim
3) Research on the mineral processing performance of mineral processing, and whether it has an evaluation for industrial construction design.
4) Detailed exploration of hydrogeology, engineering geology and other mining technical conditions
5) Detailed technical and economic evaluation of the deposit.
Types of exploration According to the geological exploration specifications for barite and toxic heavy stones issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision in 1992, the exploration types of barite deposits are divided into four categories:
Type I: The ore body is large in scale, simple in shape, and simple in construction. Such as the Ankang stone ladder barite deposit in Shaanxi.
Type II: The size of the ore body is large to medium, the shape is moderately complex, and the structure and the development of the vein are simple-medium, such as the Pancun barite deposit in Xiangzhou, Guangxi.
Type III: The scale of the ore body is mainly medium-sized, the shape of the ore body is complex, and the degree of structure and vein development is complex. For example, the III section of the Lifang barite deposit in Yongan, Fujian, and the Liuhe Bay section of Liulin, Suizhou, Hubei.
Type IV: The scale is small, the shape is complex, and the structure is complex. For example, the Bingling Residual Barite Deposit in Bingling, Hainan Province.
Exploration methods Most of the exploration of barite deposits uses trenches, shallow wells, shafts and other projects to match core drilling. When the local shape is suitable, the exploration is carried out using flat rafts. Shallow wells can be used for exploration of residual sloped barite sand ore.
The layout of the exploration project shall be determined according to factors such as the occurrence of the ore body. The barite ore body is generally layered and veined and can be arranged in the form of a survey line to obtain the profile data of the deposit and to orbit the ore body in the horizontal and depth directions.
When core drilling is carried out, the core core taking rate should not be lower than 70%. For deeper boreholes, the system should be tilted every 100m.
In the tunnel, the barite ore is generally sampled by the groove method. For the dense block ore, the sample groove may be 10 cm × 3 cm or 5 cm × 10 cm. The sampling length is 0.5~2m for layered ore and 0.25~1m for veined ore. The loose ore can be sampled by stripping method, and the specification is 50-100 cm×20-50 cm. Drilling core sampling is generally done by the core method. The distance between the samples in the vein tunnel is generally 10-20 m. The sample should be placed so that the length of the sample is consistent with the thickness of the ore body. Various ore types should be sampled separately.
The basic items of ore chemical analysis are BaO, SO3 and CO2, and other components such as Fe2O3, Al2O3, SiO2 and soluble salts can be determined by combined sample analysis. When studying a comprehensive ore, it is necessary to determine the contents of PbO, ZnO, MnO, Au, Ag, and F. In the case of ores containing sulfides, the combined samples should be subjected to full spectral analysis and chemical analysis to identify associated elements in the ore.
Technical processing sampling generally uses the full lane method or the stripping method. Through the technical processing test, the quality and recovery rate of the mineral processing products should be ascertained, and the design data of the rational beneficiation process should also be obtained.
The ore body is importantly determined by different types. The moisture should also be determined for loose ore. The barite used as a coating filler is measured by spectrophotometry to determine the color of the barite.