MALACHITE
The ancient Chinese called malachite "green-green", "shi green" or "green lang gan".Malachite is so beautifully named for its resemblance to the speckled green of peacock feathers.Malachite occurs in the oxidation zone of copper sulfide deposits and is often associated with other copper-bearing substances (azurite, pyroxene, copper, natural copper, etc.).
World famous producing areas are Zambia, Australia, namibia, Russia, Zaire, the United States and other regions.China is mainly produced in yangchun of guangdong, daye of hubei and northwestern jiangxi.Malachite is also known as "blue jade", "blue jade" and "blue chalcedony".
Brief introduction to editing
Malachite is a Malachite from the Greek Mallache, meaning "green".Malachite is so beautifully named for its resemblance to the speckled green of peacock feathers.The ancient Chinese called malachite "green-green", "shi green" or "green lang gan".Malachite is an ancient jade material.Malachite is a carbonate mineral that contains copper and has the chemical formula Cu2(OH)2CO3.
Main ingredients
Malachite is a carbonate mineral containing copper. Its chemical composition is Cu2(OH)2CO3, CuO 71.95%, CO2 19.90% and H2O 8.15%.It is monoclinic crystal system.Crystal morphology is often columnar or acicular, very rare, usually cryptocrystalline stalactite, block, shell-like, tuberculous and fibrous aggregate.With concentric lamellar, radial fiber structure.There are green, peacock green, dark green and so on.
Often have grain, silk luster or glass luster, like transparent to opaque.Refractive index: 1.66-1.91, birefringence: 0.25, colorless - yellow-green - dark green.Hardness 3.5-4.5, density 3.54-4.1g /cm3.Brittle, shell-like to jagged fracture.Hydrochloric acid reacts and dissolves easily.
place of origin
Malachite, which bears such a beautiful name due to its color resembling the speckled green of peacock feathers, xi luan purges.
The ancient Chinese called malachite "green-green", "shi green" or "green lang gan".Malachite occurs in the oxidation zone of copper sulfide deposits and is often associated with other copper-bearing substances (azurite, pyroxene, copper, natural copper, etc.).World famous producing areas include Zambia, Australia, namibia, Russia, Congo (democratic republic of Korea, the United States and other regions.China is mainly produced in yangchun of guangdong, huangshi of hubei and northwestern jiangxi.
The difference between
The difference between malachite and similar jade.Malachite is characterized by special peacock green and typical bands, which is not easily confused with other gemstones, but is similar to beryl and silica malachite.The differences are: turquoise hardness is large, 5-6, density is small, 2.6-2.9 g/cm3, refraction rate is small, 1.62.Silica malachite has a low hardness of 2-4, a low density of 2-2.4g /cm3, and a refractive index of 1.57.
Quality evaluation
Species and evaluation of malachite.Malachite as ornamental stone and craft ornamental product requires bright color, pure and even color, clear color band, dense block without holes, the bigger the better.Malachite opal requires a positive background and clear band.Malachite can be used for carving heart-shaped pendants, egg-shaped ring noodles, necklaces, and seals.Because malachite is a kind of alteration product containing copper carbonite, it is often used as the associated product of copper ore.It is 3.5-4 hard and has an opaque dark green color with rich, pale stripes -- a unique beauty that no other gem has, so there are few knockoffs.
maintenance
Maintenance of malachite.Malachite as a gem is not durable, low hardness, can not maintain good luster for a long time, can only be used as beads and brooches.The russians use malachite for building interiors, and the great columns of st. Isaac's cathedral in Leningrad are studded with it.Malachite is also used to carve various liturgical objects and ornaments, fireplaces and table Settings.
The moral
Malachite is a kind of alteration product containing copper carbonite, which is often associated with copper ore.It is 3.5-4 hard and has an opaque dark green color with rich, pale stripes -- a unique beauty that no other gem has, so there are few knockoffs.
Malachite and turquoise: malachite can be distinguished from other gemstones by a series of characteristics.The main parallel is turquoise.But the color of turquoise is mainly blue with green, its density is smaller than malachite, and its hardness is larger than malachite.
Malachite is found in Russia, Romania, Brazil and so on.The main source of malachite in China is hubei province.
The word malachite means "wife happiness".Natural malachite shows a thick green, green luster, although there is no bright jewelry, but it is a noble stone, a unique elegant temperament.Malachite has many legends.As early as thousands of years ago, ancient egyptians once called it "sacred stone", and think it has the effect of exorcising evil, so it is used as amulet;In Germany, where malachite is believed to protect the wearer from the threat of death, it is essentially a talisman.In ancient China, malachite was made into various jewelry to be worn, but because of its high price, ordinary people were not allowed to wear it.
efficacy
Antioxidant.There is also natural copper in malachite, which can activate the natural antioxidant enzyme (SOD) in the skin, so that the antioxidant enzyme in the skin can play a maximum role and achieve the purpose of antioxidant. Wearing malachite jewelry can slow down the formation of the cuticle, resulting in delicate skin.
Disinfection regeneration, to saprophytic new. The ancient egyptians used malachite to heal festering wounds by grinding it to powder. Therefore, wearing malachite jewelry can absorb the natural energy contained in malachite and absorb external radiation to reduce skin irritation.
French scientists once extracted a natural active substance from malachite.This substance is extremely safe and can improve the natural resistance of cells and remove residual impurities in cells, thus enhancing the activity of cells.And this malachite extract is green, safe and will not cause any burden on the skin.Therefore, this is the fundamental reason why modern people are keen on malachite jewelry, which is natural and harmless.
Introduction of verdigris
CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 is commonly known as copper copper carbonate.Alias bronze green.It is a light green fine particle or amorphous powder, which is the main component of copper in the formation of copper rust in the air.This powder is toxic, unstable, and decomposes at 473K (200℃) :
CuCO3·Cu(OH)2 -> 2CuO + CO2↑ + H2O
Copper oxide that turns black when decomposed.Insoluble in water but soluble in acid to form the corresponding copper salt.
CuCO3·Cu(OH)2+ 4H -> 2Cu + CO2↑ +3H2O
In addition, it can be dissolved in cyanide, ammonium salt and so on to form complex ions soluble in water.The mixture of sodium bicarbonate and copper sulfate is filtered and dried (at low temperature).
The main applications of bronze are fireworks, paint, phosphorus poison antidote.
Green alkali-copper carbonate on the surface of copper oxidized by moisture in the air, or furfuryl (i.e., copper carbonate) mixed with plaster of Paris, mixed with water and pressed into flat blocks, and natural malachite.Medicinal and processed products.
saute
Naturally generated patina, with magnetic or iron knife scraping, that is.
Processing method: the patinon powder or bran green and plaster powder of Paris, add water right amount to mix evenly, press flat piece, spray it with sorghum wine, then the surface shows green, cut into small pieces, dry immediately.
In ancient times, patina is the rust of copper. You can use vinegar spray on copper to accelerate the formation of green rust.
Laboratory method: pour the grinding mixture of copper sulfate and sodium carbonate into the boiling water and keep stirring for about 10 ~15 minutes (do not boil too violently with a little bubble, to avoid the formation of copper oxide from the heat of copper sulfate), and then filter and precipitate.
CuSO4 + 2Na2CO3 +H2O --> Cu2(OH)2CO3+ 2Na2SO4+ CO2↑
Character
Naturally occurring patina is powdery or irregular patchy, cyan - green.Quality is loose, taste slightly astringent, fire is green flame.
Another kind of processing product, show rectangle small piece, qualitative firm break easily, section cent is apparent 3 layers, the upper layer is thin thin blue layer, middle layer white, bottom grayish yellow.No smell, light taste, chewing a sense of gravel.
The sexual flavourBitter, sour, astringent, cold.Poisonous.
Function of the attending
Detoxify, scavenge, kill insects.Topical treatment of nasal polyposis, eyelid erosion, ulcers select stubborn ringworm.
Usage.
This product is commonly used for external use.Internal medicine is often used in the corresponding prescription to treat wind phlegm, sudden fainting and blood qi heartache and other diseases, eliminate any throat related diseases, and make the voice become more pleasant to listen to, dosage 0.5 ~ 1 money.-- excerpts from national Chinese herbal medicine compilation.
Fold fungicide
Malachite green can be used to treat parasitic, fungal or bacterial infections in fish or eggs. It is particularly effective against the fungus Saprolegnia, which can infect fish eggs in fisheries.Malachite green is also commonly used to treat freshwater fisheries affected by parasites.Used as bacteriostatic or amoeba killing agent;For Marine animals such as tetra carp and catfish, there are high toxicity, high residual and other side effects, so when used, usually only half the amount.
The collection of information
The Palace Museum malachite dishMalachite disk, clear, 1.8cm high, 20.7cm long, 15.4cm wide.
Green malachite made, shallow, carved lotus leaf shape.Inside and outside the plate with a negative and bas-relief veins.This dish of malachite contains beautiful patterns of green.Its next to the mahogany carved lotus branches for the base.The light color shallow plate matches with the dark wood base to form the bright color contrast plate.
Malachite is a surface mineral of copper. Due to its high content of copper, it is green or dark green, which was also called "stone green" in ancient times.According to the "compendium of materia medica" contains: "shishu sheng copper pit, is the ancestor of copper gas, copper ziyang gas and green, green long into stone, that is the stone green."Because of its color and its unique concentric round patterns like the beautiful tail feathers of peacocks, so named, and therefore is particularly valuable.